INFECTION AND TRANSMISSION OF RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUSES LACKING THE NSS AND/OR NSM GENES IN MOSQUITOES: POTENTIAL ROLE FOR NSM IN MOSQUITO INFECTION.

BACKGROUND: Rift Valley fever virus is an arthropod-borne human and animal pathogen responsible for large outbreaks of acute and febrile illness throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.Reverse genetics technology has been used to develop deletion mutants of the virus that lack the NSs and/or NSm virulence genes and have been shown to be stable,

An opportunity to study progression toward endemic stability to Babesia bigemina arose when cattle were reintroduced onto a Electric Jug Element game ranch in 1999 after an absence of three years.The study was conducted between August 2000 and June 2001.The unvaccinated breeding cows were sampled only once.Calves born during October 1999 were initi

In the South African government sector, public procurement is a strategic mechanism through which the government could be able to achieve the mandatory socioeconomic objectives.To this extent, the government procures goods and services from the private sector which can be estimated around Gas Cooktop eight hundred billion rand annually.Although the

As economic globalization and informatization continue to advance and regional integration develops, interregional urban relations are being reconfigured by various mobile elements.Based on complex network theory, academics have conducted numerous studies on the network structure of urban agglomerations using relational and flow data, such as Cloth

The design and development of a digital library involves different stakeholders, such as: information architects, librarians, and domain experts, who need to agree on a common language to describe, discuss, and negotiate the services the library has to offer.To this end, high-level, language-neutral models have to be devised.Metamodeling techniques